Answer Key for Lecsyony Tseiny (15)
Tarea Teiby xte Lecsyony Tseiny (15)
Part Teiby. Bcwa ni ca ni guet cuan Dizhsa.
a. Will he wait for Ignacio?
Cwezi Nach e?
b. Does he wait for Ignacio every day?
Rbezi Nach rata zhi e?
c. Did he wait for Ignacio?
Blezi Nach e?
d. Is he waiting for Ignacio?
Cabezi Nach e?
e. She is putting on her (own) pants.
Cabecyëng xcasonëng.
f. She will put on her (own) pants.
Cwecyëng xcasonëng.
g. She puts on her (own) pants.
Rbecyëng xcasonëng.
h. She put on her (own) pants.
Blecyëng xcasonëng.
i. Are they waiting for me?
Cabezri naa e?
j. Do they wait for me every day?
Rbezri naa rata zhi e?
k. Did they wait for me?
Wlezri naa e?
l. Will they wait for me?
Cwezri naa e?
m. Juana will not stop.
Queitydi Lia Zhuan cwez.
n. Juana did not stop.
Queity blezdi Lia Zhuan.
o. Juana doesn’t (ever) stop.
Queity rbezdi Lia Zhuan.
p. Juana is not stopping.
Queity cabezdi Lia Zhuan.
Part Tyop. Now create your own sentences talking about the past using the following verbs.
a. rbe
Ble cosiner teiby wzhyar. “The cook took out a spoon.”
b. rbecy
Blecyëm xcasonëm. “He (an.) put on his pants.”
c. rbez
Blez Jwany xamiegwni. “Juan waited for his own friend.”
Tarea Tyop xte Lecsyony Tseiny (15)
Part Teiby. Make up sentences that talk about the future using the following verbs. Each sentence should have a different bound pronoun subject and (if appropriate) a noun object. Translate your sentences into English. Then, practice reading each of your sentences out loud. (If you have any doubt about how to pronounce the new verbs in your sentences, you can check the Valley Zapotec Verb Charts.)
a. rbez
Cweza xnanën. “I will wait for our mother.”
b. rbuzhya
Cuzhyoo. “You will shout.”
c. rbe
Cweyu teiby liebr. “You (form.) will take out a book.”
d. rbuzh
Cuzhi xyecwi. “She will call her dog.”
e. rbecy
Cwecyëng xcasonëng. “He will put on his own pants.”
f. rbi
Cwirëm. “They (an.) will take a seat.”
Part Tyop. Now, change the sentences you wrote for Part Teiby so that they refer to the past.
a. rbez
Bleza xnanën. “I waited for our mother.”
b. rbuzhya
Brezhyoo. “You shouted.”
c. rbe
Bleyu teiby liebr. “You (form.) took out a book.”
d. rbuzh
Breizhi xyecwi. “She called her own dog.”
e. rbecy
Blecyëng xcasonëng. “He put on his own pants.”
f. rbi
Brirëm. “They (an.) took a seat.”
Tarea Chon xte Lecsyony Tseiny (15). Bcwa ni ca ni guet cuan Ingles. Then, complete each of the sentences by changing the form of the verb so that it makes sense in the new sentences, as in the example. The new sentences all use one of the following adverbs: na “now”, nai “yesterday”, rata zhi “every day”, or zhi “‘tomorrow”.
Example. Uas rbuzhya ra mniny.
i. Zhi _____________________.
ii. Nai _____________________.
iii. Na _____________________.
Answer. “The kids really shout.”
i. Zhi cuzhya ra mniny.
ii. Nai brezhya ra mniny.
iii. Na cabuzhya ra mniny.
a. Bluyu xchimya e?
Did you (form.) put my basket in?
i. Rata zhi rguyu xchimya e? “Do you (form.) put my basket in every day?”
ii. Zhi cuyu xchimya e? “Tomorrow will you (form.) put my basket in?”
iii. Na caguyu xchimya e? “Are you (form.) putting my basket in now?”
b. Breizh Lia Mony!
Call Monica!
i. Zhi cuzhu Lia Mony. “Tomorrow you will call Monica.”
ii. Na cabuzhu Lia Mony. “You are calling Monica now.”
iii. Rata zhi rbuzhu Lia Mony. “You call Monica every day.”
c. Cagunya zhia.
I am scratching my nose.
i. Nai blunya zhia. “Yesterday I scratched my nose.”
ii. Rata zhi rgunya zhia. “I scratch my nose every day.”
iii. Zhi cunya zhia. “Tomorrow I will scratch my nose.”
d. Cwirëng.
They will sit down.
i. Na cabirëng. “They are sitting down now.”
ii. Rata zhi rbirëng. “They sit down every day.”
iii. Nai brirëng. “Yesterday they sat down.”
e. Rgu-ën muly ricy rata zhi.
We deposit money there every day.
i. Zhi cuën muly ricy. “Tomorrow we will deposit money there.”
ii. Nai bluën muly ricy. “Yesterday we deposited money there.”
iii. Na cagu-ën muly ricy. “We are depositing money there now.”
Tarea Tap xte Lecsyony Tseiny (15). Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with the correct form of the verbs given (just as in Tarea Chon), using the subjects that follow the blanks. If an English translation appears in parentheses, you should use the corresponding bound subject pronoun, as in the example.
Example. rzhuny
Nai _____________ (“he” prox.).
Answer. Nai bzhunyëng. “He ran yesterday.”
a. rgyet
i. Rata zhi rgyet ra zhyap. “The girls play every day.”
ii. Nai bzuatrëng. “Yesterday they played.”
iii. Na cagyeta. “I am playing now.”
iv. Zhi cyetu e? “Will you play tomorrow?”
b. rguied
i. Zhi quied xnana dyaga. “Tomorrow my mother will pierce my ears.”
ii. Rata zhi rguied mna re dyag zhyap. “Every day this woman pierces girls’ ears.”
iii. Nai bzuadu dyagri. “Yesterday you pierced their ears.”
iv. Na caguied Lia Mony dyag Lia Len. “Monica is piercing Elena’s ear now.”
c. rgu
i. Zhi cu Mazh cuan Bed muly ricy. “Tomorrow Tomas and Pedro will deposit the money there.”
ii. Na cagu Lia Da ra dadich e? “Is Soledad putting the blankets in now?”
iii. Nai bluu muly ricy e? “Did you deposit the money there yesterday?”
iv. Rata zhi rgu ra mna ra zhimy. “Every day the women put the baskets in.”
d. rguny
i. Na caguny becw nini e? “Is the dog scratching its back leg now?”
ii. Rata zhi rguny zhyet dyagni. “The cat scratches its ear every day.”
iii. Nai blunya detsa. “Yesterday I scratched my back.”
iv. Zhi cuny zhyet dyagni e? “Will the cat scratch its ear tomorrow?”
Tarea Gai xte Lecsyony Tseiny (15)
Part Teiby. Use the following words to make up Zapotec sentences that talk about the past, using a different bound pronoun subject for each one. Use a noun object, if appropriate. Read each sentence out loud. (If you have any doubt about how to pronounce the new verbs, you can check the Valley Zapotec Verb Charts.) Then translate your sentence into English. (This exercise gives you a chance to practice all the “spill” verbs in the Ra Dizh!)
a. rrica
Guc bricari? “When did they show up?”
b. rrech
Brechi. “It spilled.”
c. rguied
Bzuadëb dyag xamiegwa. “She (resp.) pierced my friend’s ears.”
d. rria
Briau cuan lai. “You went out with him.”
e. rxi
Bxiëm jug xtenëm. “He (an.) spilled his juice.”
f. rgyet
Bzuatën cuan zhinyzhyapën. “We played with our daughter.”
g. rzhi
Bzhiëng. “It spilled.”
h. rtech
Queity btechdya bzya. “I did not spill the beans.”
i. rra
Bra muly bduxman. “The money ran out last week.”
j. rbi
Briyuad. “You (form. pl.) sat down.”
Part Tyop. Now, take each of the sentences you made in Part Teiby and change it so that it refers to the future.
a. rrica
Guc ydicari? “When will they show up?”
b. rrech
Yrechi. “It spilled.”
c. rguied
Quiedëb dyag xamiegwa. “She (resp.) will pierce my friend’s ears.”
d. rria
Queitydyu yriau cuan lai. “You will not go out with him.”
e. rxi
Yxiëm jug xtenëm. “He (an.) will spill his juice.”
f. rgyet
Cyetën cuan zhinyzhyapën. “We will play with our daughter.”
g. rzhi
Yzhiëng. “It will spill.”
h. rtech
Queitydya ytecha bzya. “I will not spill the beans.”
i. rra
Yra muly xtuxman. “The money will run out next week.”
j. rbi
Cwiyuad. “You (form. pl.) will sit down.”
Tarea Xop xte Lecsyony Tseiny (15)
Part Teiby. Bcwa ni ca ni guet cuan Ingles.
a. Uas caro mniny.
The child is really growing.
b. Bruana cabai xte Nach.
I abandoned Ignacio’s horse.
c. Bricayuad.
You (form. pl.) showed up.
d. Rmudy bdo.
The medicine was sold.
e. Briei.
She left.
Part Tyop. Now make up some new Zapotec sentences using the following verbs and adverbs. What do your sentences mean? (As before, na here is “now”.)
a. rdily — na
Na cadily becw cuan zhyet. “The dog is fighting with the cat now.”
b. rdeidy — zhi
Teidyri lo liny zhi. “They will cross the border tomorrow.”
c. rdo — nai
Nai bdo ra xchimya. “Yesterday my baskets were sold.”
d. rruan — rata zhi
Rata zhi rruan xamiegwëng laëng. “Every day her friend abandons her.”
e. rro — nai
Uas bro gyia bugambily xtena nai. “My bougainvillea grew a lot yesterday.”
f. rruan — zhi
Zhi tyuan xchiebëng laëng. “Tomorrow his goat will abandon him.”
g. rdily — nai
Nai bdily zhyap cuan bzyani. “Yesterday the girl fought with her brother.”
h. rdo — zhi
Zhi to dibuj. “Tomorrow the drawing will be sold.”
i. rdeidy — rata zhi
Rdeidyu ricy rata zhi. “You cross there every day.”
j. rro — na
Na caro zhinyganën. “Our son is growing now.”
Tarea Gaz xte Lecsyony Tseiny (15)
Part Teiby. Make up Zapotec sentences that talk about the future with the following verbs and subjects. Then translate your sentences into English.
a. verb: rra; subject: bzya
Yra bzya xtuxman. “The beans will run out next week.”
b. verb: rra; subject: bzeiny
Yra bzeiny lo zhia Jwany. “There won’t be any more deer in Juan’s field.”
c. verb: rbe; subject: “they” (prox.)
Cwerëng teiby dibuj. “They will take out a drawing.”
d. verb: rbe; subject: ra mna
Cwe ra mna teiby liebr. “The women will take out a book.”
e. verb: rreizh; subject: “you”
Cuzhu xamiegwu zhi. “You will call your friend tomorrow.”
f. verb: rreizh; subject: mniny
Cuzh mniny bzyani. “The boy will call his sister.”
g. verb: rbecy; subject: “he” (dist.)
Cwecyi xcason zhinygani. “He will put on his son’s pants.”
h. verb: rbecy; subject: mes
Cwecy mes xcasonni. “The teacher will put on his pants.”
i. verb: rro; subject: gyag
Uas tyo gyag. “The tree will really grow.”
j. verb: rro; subject: “it” (an.)
Queitydyëm tyodyëm. “It will not grow.”
Part Tyop. Now, make up Zapotec sentences that talk about the past with the following verbs and subjects. Then translate your sentences into English.
a. verb: rrech; subject: rros
Brech rros nai. “The rice spilled yesterday.”
b. verb: rrech; subject: “they” (dist.)
Brechri. “They (dist.) spilled.”
c. verb: rbe; subject: “you”
Bleu lapy. “You took out the pencil.”
d. verb: rbe; subject: Mazh
Ble Mazh lapy. “Tomas took out the pencil.”
e. verb: rria; subject: “she” (prox.)
Briaëng bduxman. “She (prox.) went out last week.”
f. verb: rria; subject: zhyap
Bria zhyap. “The girl went out.”
g. verb: rbez; subject: turyest
Blez turyest. “The tourist waited.”
h. verb: rbez; subject: “you” (form.)
Blezyu nai. “You (form.) waited yesterday.”
i. verb: rruan; subject: “we”
Bruanën bzeiny. “We abandoned the deer.”
j. verb: rruan; subject: doctor
Bruan doctor ra zhieb. “The doctor abandoned the goats.”
Tarea Xon xte Lecsyony Tseiny (15). The following sentences are expressed in one of the two rrilo sentence patterns. Rewrite each sentence using the other rrilo pattern and translate that new sentence into English.
a. Rrilua wbeb Jwany guan. “I thought that Juan rode the bull.”
Rrilo naa wbeb Jwany guan. “It seemed to me that Juan rode the bull.”
b. Rrilo liu binyloëng naa e? “Does it seem to you that she saw me?”
Rriloo binyloëng naa e? “Do you think that she saw me?”
c. Rriloëng yto Lia Mony ra budy gwuar. “He thinks that Monica will sell the turkeys.”
Rrilo laëng yto Lia Mony ra budy gwuar. “It seems to him that Monica will sell the turkeys.”
d. Rrilorëng bdeidy Lia Len lo liny. “They thought that Elena crossed the border.”
Rrilo larëng bdeidy Lia Len lo liny. “It seemed to them that Elena crossed the border.”
f. Rrilo lai que mes. “It seems to her that the teacher will cuss.”
Rriloi que mes. “She thinks that the teacher will cuss.”
g. Rriloo bdich Mazh plum xte doctor e? “Do you think that Thomas broke the doctor’s pen?”
Rrilo liu bdich Mazh plum xte doctor e? “Does it seem to you that Thomas broke the doctor’s pen?”
h. Rrilo naa mna yxi serbes. “It seems to me that the woman will spill the beer.”
Rrilua mna yxi serbes. “I think that the woman will spill the beer.”
Tarea Ga xte Lecsyony Tseiny (15). Add a modifying phrase to the nouns in italics in the sentences below. Then translate your new sentences into English, as in the example.
Example. Zhyap quied dyaga.
Answer. Zhyap ni rrilo a bria Bed quied dyaga.
“The girl who thinks Pedro left is going to pierce my ears.”
a. Bri mna.
Bri mna ni bde ra liebr. “The woman who carried the books sat down.”
b. Cabez estudian mes.
Cabez estudian mes ni rseidy lai Dizhsa. “The student is waiting for the teacher who teaches him Zapotec.”
c. Bzuat ra zhyet.
Bzuat ra zhyet ni rcaz nyis. “The cats who want water played.”
d. Rguu muly ricy e?
Rguu muly ni rnizhëb liu ricy e? “Do you deposit the money that she (resp.) gives you there?”
e. Breizh doctor!
Breizh doctor ni rdeidy rmudy laëng! “Call the doctor who gave her the medicine!”
f. Turyest bria.
Turyest ni blecy xcasoni bria. “The tourist who put on his pants went out.”
g. Blecy buny cason xte mniny.
Blecy buny cason xte mniny ni queity runydi comprender. “The man puts on the pants of the boy who doesn’t understand.”
h. Mna ytyu gyia.
Mna ni **yzhuny ytyu gyia. “The woman who will elope will pick the flower.”
